Hello @thasreal, [00000114:] EXCEPTION handling: System.ArgumentException: The requested FontFamily could not be found [GDI+ status: FontFamilyNotFound] looks like a line of interest from the log. There's several lines with this.
Interesting. My first assumption was that I lacked ttf-mscorefonts-installer, but it seems I've already installed the package.
In addition here are two more issues I've discovered. First off, we have this screenshot the developer provided of the launcher. It seems that I am not only missing the text itself, but the button...backgrounds? as well.

Secondly, there is the game settings menu. At least one menu entry is cut off at the bottom, and a few checkboxes are partially or almost completely overlapped by text. I generated another log while examining this and found it was much, much larger: almost 3 megabytes in size from viewing and adjusting the settings menu alone.
Nothing extracted yet.
Compatibility Report
System Information
I confirm:
Symptoms
The game's launcher is missing text in all but the bottom three buttons. In addition, clicking the top button crashed the game and Steam the first time I launched the game, which I have not been able to reproduce and has not been logged, sadly.
steam-1714420.log
Reproduction
The first issue happens every time I launch the game; as for the second, I haven't managed to reproduce it yet.