I can confirm that as of recent update v1.0 to the game, the game does not launch without installing Microsoft Virtual C++ Runtime (protontricks 1194630 vcrun2019)
Logs of launching with and without the workaround:
steam-1194630-fail.log
steam-1194630.log
system_info.txt
Same problem as with Dark Pictures Anthology: Man of Medan #3024 that also received an update recently
I checked Proton 7.0-6-rc5 and can confirm that the game is broken.
steam-1194630.log

Game has had a major update v1.10, and it works on first time install out of the box again without any issues :tada:
log of running it successfully just for reference:
steam-1194630.log
system_info.txt
proton 7.0-6x1 2023-01proton experimentalx1 2022-12
Compatibility Report
System Information
I confirm:
steam-1194630.log
Symptoms
The game presents an error message about missing Microsoft Virtual C++ Runtime and exits.

This happens with Proton Experimental [Bleeding Edge], 7.0-5 and 6.3-8 for me (always with a fresh prefix), accoridng to ProtonDB, it should work out of the box. Installing vcrun2019 with protontricks makes it work, so it seems Proton fails to install the runtime on prefix intialisation.
Reproduction
Delete the prefix and start the game.