Just did a bit more testing and tracked what time things were happening at, and strangely enough the system stopped logging alltogether during this issue:
Starting No Man's Sky Proton 9.0-2 13:09:35
NMS Opened 13:09:40
Check, new apps won't launch 13:15:30
Clock app closed itself ~13:16:40
Thumbnails gone from nautilus 13:17:02
Restart & power off 13:17:20
Power on 13:18:39
journalctl & system log viewer stopped logging after 13:15:32
No errors logged, no logs available between 13:15:32 and 13:18:39
Okay, I feel dumb now, turns out the issue was my SSD with my / partition was starting to die, closing this.
proton 9.0-2x2 2024-07proton 8.0-5x1 2024-07proton experimentalx1 2024-07
Hello,
I have been having a problem on my desktop PC in regards to Proton games through Steam. I've been searching for days but can't find any reports of the same bug, not sure if I'm just searching for the wrong thing or not.
Whenever I am playing any Steam game using Proton, after a little while (~10 minutes or so), Fedora seems to stop loading applications, and some that are open in the background even stop loading. In addition, I cannot launch any other apps that weren't already running when I started the game, and mounted network drives will unmount themselves.

Also, when opening Nautilus, the system cannot load any icons:
After quitting the game, I will try to restart my computer, however it gets stuck restarting with these errors:

The only way to recover after this is by switching off my PSU and then powering my PC back on, at which time Fedora loads without issues.
I've tried many things, including disabling Steam game recording, thinking this may have been overloading the system, and have poured through dozens of threads but can't find a similar issue at this time.
I have also been looking through my log files, but haven't yet seen anything that points to what may be going on.
Please let me know if others are having similar issues, or if there is an existing issue report for this, as I have to hard shut off my computer every time I play a game and it's starting to get annoying.
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Games where this is happening:
Proton versions where this is happening:
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System info:
CPU: Ryzen 7 5800X
Motherboard: ASUS ROG B550-F
Memory: 64GB DDR4-3600
GPU: AMD Radeon 5700XT
OS: Fedora Workstation 40