Hello @plygon1, this reads like you're missing you're using the NVIDIA proprietary driver, but don't have the video driver's 32 bit userspace libraries. Can you check if you have the lib32-nvidia-580xx-utils system package installed?
After uninstalling my lib32-nvidia-utils that were actually for a newer driver than the driver I actually had, in favor of the AUR package lib32-nvidia-580xx-utils, Steam now opens. Delightful.
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