Same on openSUSE 12.2 x86
$ dpkg -l | grep steam
ii steam 1.0.0.21 i386 Installer for the Beta of the Steam software distribution service
Are you sure the latest steam package 1.0.0.21 is installed on your systems? I don't know about OpenSUSE, but on Ubuntu, using the update manager should install the latest (or sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade). If you have a very old version, then you will need to download the latest steam.deb manually (or add the steam repo to sources.list manually).
Thanks, jui-feng. Manual installation of steam_latest package solved my problem.
Nothing extracted yet.
I updated my steam client few minutes ago and now every time I start it next message appears: "Your steam package is out of date. Please get an updated version from your package provider or directly from http://repo.steampowered.com/steam for supported distributions." After that, steam client starts normally.
OS - Ubuntu 12.10 x64.