In my case, every time the client was updated or the nvidia drivers were updated, the steam client stopped working, to solve it I had to install or reinstall mesa-utils, it was always solved with this, I don't know why it happens, but there are several issues talking about the same topic. See this: https://github.com/ValveSoftware/steam-for-linux/issues?q=is%3Aissue+is%3Aopen+mesa-utils

Try execute sudo apt -y install --reinstall mesa-utils and reboot.

In my case solve this buying a amd radeon card xD, nvidia does not works fine on gnu/linux, the shadows and shaders are better on a amd gpu.

I had a similar problem on arch linux, it was also fixed by reinstalling mesa-utils

in my case, I ran sudo pacman -Sy mesa-utils

after reinstalling mesa-utils via sudo pacman -Sy mesa-utils and then rebooting. It did not solve my problem with steam. Steam still launches but there is no UI to interact with.

Edit: I reinstalled both mesa-utils and lib32-mesa-utils aswell as wayland and xorg-xwayland then rebooted. steam was able to be launched and then accessed the settings and changed it to the beta client. that launched back up perfectly fine with the UI working! but it was short lived as any time I would relaunch steam the UI would no longer work.

I installed lib32-mesa-utils that fortunately worked after rebooting then launching steam.desktop. However, after closing steam and reopening it, steam no longer worked, back to square one. I tried reproducing this by uninstalling lib32-mesa-utils rebooting then reinstalling it. That did not work.

You can try to use the flatpak package, it already comes with all its dependencies ready in stable mode, if it still doesn't work for you, it's because the problem goes beyond the software.

so far this has worked! I just uninstalled steam and installed via flatpak. although the previous steam libraries weren't able to be read and games weren't able to be transferred over to the new steam... weird