Related to #1141 maybe? Have you updated your steam.deb and steam recently?

No. I cannot reproduce Chrome bug.
And only cyrilic fonts affected.
Compare:
http://steamcommunity.com/sharedfiles/filedetails/?id=125747810
and
http://steamcommunity.com/sharedfiles/filedetails/?id=125748005

Two more for you to check, #931 and #1352

I think #931 is another bug. Squares in CS 1.6 disappears but not in CS:S or TF2.
#1352 also wrong because i haven't get this error message and this locale is installed.
Also 1st screenshot was made from CS:S launched in steam with STEAM_RUNTIME=1. I just changed localization from Russian to English.
What is fonts folder in steam runtime?

Can you please run steam this way:

STEAM_RUNTIME=0 strace -f steam 2>&1 >/tmp/steam_runtime_disabled.txt
STEAM_RUNTIME=1 strace -f steam 2>&1 >/tmp/steam_runtime_enabled.txt

And make gists from the files?

Thanks.

This commands doesn't works because after executing steam starts very slowly and log entry was only
Running Steam on 64-bit
STEAM_RUNTIME is disabled by the user
and
Running Steam on 64-bit
STEAM_RUNTIME is enabled by the user.

Part of console output:
[pid 8839] <... futex resumed> ) = 0
[pid 8849] nanosleep({0, 17500000}, <unfinished ...>
[pid 8837] futex(0x929de5c, FUTEX_WAKE_PRIVATE, 1 <unfinished ...>
[pid 8834] <... select resumed> ) = 0 (Timeout)
[pid 8837] <... futex resumed> ) = 0
[pid 8839] select(63, [62], NULL, NULL, {0, 0} <unfinished ...>
[pid 8837] gettimeofday({1360395779, 240245}, NULL) = 0
[pid 8839] <... select resumed> ) = 0 (Timeout)
[pid 8837] clock_gettime(CLOCK_REALTIME, <unfinished ...>
[pid 8834] time( <unfinished ...>
[pid 8813] clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, <unfinished ...>
[pid 8839] gettimeofday( <unfinished ...>
[pid 8837] <... clock_gettime resumed> {1360395779, 240285744}) = 0
[pid 8839] <... gettimeofday resumed> {1360395779, 240306}, NULL) = 0
[pid 8834] <... time resumed> NULL) = 1360395779
[pid 8837] futex(0x929de78, FUTEX_WAIT_PRIVATE, 293, {0, 249959256} <unfinished ...>

After pressing ctrl-c this console output stops and steam starts to work normally.

@Shished try this

STEAM_RUNTIME=0 strace -f steam 2>&1 &> steam_runtime_disabled.txt
STEAM_RUNTIME=1 strace -f steam 2>&1 &> steam_runtime_enabled.txt

This files are huge (>220 MB each). What should i do next?

Shished, are the games with this problem Counter-Strike:Source and Team Fortress 2? Currently those games are missing Russian fonts (we're looking into that). If it is these games, then you should have this problem whether the steam runtime is turned off or on (in other words, the problem doesn't appear to be steam runtime related). Can you verify that?

Thanks.

For me this problem appears only when STEAM_RUNTIME=1.

Which games exhibit this behavior?

CS:S: all russian text in game.
TF2: all russian text except main menu.

Related
http://steamcommunity.com/app/221410/discussions/2/846939615090806472/
But how to do it in other distros than Gentoo?

This bug still not fixed.

I can confirm that this problem is fixed.